Physiological maturity is the stage where the grain ceases to accumulate dry weight. At this stage, irrigation will have no effect on grain yield or test weight. Physiological maturity occurs when heads turn color from green to brown.

The soft dough stage.

Late tillering stage depending on rainfall.

About 6 to 7 irrigations of 6 inches each is normally required. This varies depending on soil type, rainfall, planting date, and other factors.

About 150 to 200 pounds of N per acre in split applications is usually necessary. The optimal N rate depends on many factors. Stem tissue testing is a tool that allows the optimal N rate to be approximated.

About 200 to 250 pounds of N per acre in split applications with a final application of 30 to 50 pounds of N per acre near flowering. The optimal N rate depends on many factors. Stem tissue testing is a tool that allows the optimal N rate to be approximated.

100 to 120 pounds of seed per acre for barley and 120 to 150 pounds of seed per acre for wheat.

December 15 to January 15 (southwestern AZ), November 15 to December 15 (central AZ)

Solum is low input barley with a yield potential of about 3000 pounds per acre with two irrigations. A seeding rate of 20 to 40 pounds of seed per acre is recommended and a nitrogen rate of 40 pounds of N per acre is usually sufficient. Solum has a tendency to lodge and have low test weight, but delaying the second irrigation until boot can lessen these problems.

Factors to consider when choosing a barley variety are yield potential, maturity, test weight, and lodging. Short season barley varieties allow double-cropping with cotton.

Choice of a durum variety should depend on expected yield and contract price. Varieties intended for the identity preserved market tend to have lower yield but higher price than varieties intended for the general purpose market. Other factors to consider are lodging resistance and maturity of the variety.

Yes, it can, but it depends on summer rainfall, availability of deep soil moisture, soil type, temperature, and other factors. The moisture status of the crown and root provides an indication of moisture stress: > 60% (well-watered), 50 to 60% (water-stressed), 40 to 50% (severe water-stress), <40% (lethal water stress).

The seasonal water use for the Phoenix area is about 74 inches.

I am not aware of any documented cases of Arizona alfalfa responding to application of micronutrients.

A response to potassium fertilizer for alfalfa grown on desert soils is rare, but is most likely to occur on very sandy soils.

October, or whenever phosphorus is needed as indicated by soil or plant testing.

No. Both remain primarily in the top foot of soil.

Both are equally effective

Yes. Physical incorporation of phosphorus fertilizer is not necessary.

The phosphorus fertilizer rate recommendation is based on soil testing. Soil test values of >15, 11-15, 6-10, and <6 ppm bicarbonate extractable P correspond to none, 50-150, 140-250, and 200-300 pounds P2O5 per acre, respectively, applied at planting for a 3-year crop.  For annual applications or multiple applications per year, the total annual application should be a third of the above fertilizer application rates.  Annual or multiple applications per year may be necessary to maintain the soil test level in a desirable range for soils with a high phosphorus fixing capacity.

Physiological maturity is the stage where the grain ceases to accumulate dry weight. At this stage, irrigation will have no effect on grain yield or test weight. Physiological maturity occurs when heads turn color from green to brown.

The soft dough stage.

Late tillering stage depending on rainfall.

About 6 to 7 irrigations of 6 inches each is normally required. This varies depending on soil type, rainfall, planting date, and other factors.

About 200 to 250 pounds of N per acre in split applications with a final application of 30 to 50 pounds of N per acre near flowering. The optimal N rate depends on many factors. Stem tissue testing is a tool that allows the optimal N rate to be approximated.

December 15 to January 15 (southwestern AZ), November 15 to December 15 (central AZ)

Solum is low input barley with a yield potential of about 3000 pounds per acre with two irrigations. A seeding rate of 20 to 40 pounds of seed per acre is recommended and a nitrogen rate of 40 pounds of N per acre is usually sufficient. Solum has a tendency to lodge and have low test weight, but delaying the second irrigation until boot can lessen these problems.

Factors to consider when choosing a barley variety are yield potential, maturity, test weight, and lodging. Short season barley varieties allow double-cropping with cotton.

Choice of a durum variety should depend on expected yield and contract price. Varieties intended for the identity preserved market tend to have lower yield but higher price than varieties intended for the general purpose market. Other factors to consider are lodging resistance and maturity of the variety.

1. Oral exposure (when you swallow a pesticide)
2. Inhalation exposure (when you inhale a pesticide)
3. Ocular exposure (when you get a pesticide in your eyes)
4. Dermal exposure (when you get a pesticide on your skin)

For more information read: Pests and Pesticide Control Manual

Scorpions are resistant to pesticides, so spraying may not have the desired effect. Careful physical removal repeated several times may be more effective at reducing the number of scorpions in the area.

See Scorpion Management for more information

The following information will help us help you:

• Location
• Cultivation status (planted in a garden? volunteering in a yard? wild in the mountains?)
• Features (flower color?, odor?)
• Scale of the photo (2 inches? 2 feet?)
• Close-up photos of the flowers, fruits, leaves, and stems, in addition to an overview shot are ideal, but send us what you can!

See our website Crop Pest Losses

We use pesticide data for research and education projects, at the discretion of our Pesticide Use Database Advisory Committee. For more information, contact Al Fournier at fournier@cals.arizona.edu

Provide information on your background and expertise, e.g., “grower of carrots in Arizona for 35 years.” Provide specific information on crops, target pests, formulation, application methods, efficacy and alternative pesticides used. Let EPA know if this pesticide is part of a rotational strategy for resistance management; any specific risk mitigation practices in use (to limit drift, for example). Importantly, let EPA know the potential economic and pest management impacts of a decision to limit or eliminate uses of the pesticide under review. 

See our webpage “Submit comments to EPA”.

Contact Al Fournier at fournier@cals.arizona.edu and ask to be added to the EPA Registration Review email list. 

Physiological maturity is the stage where the grain ceases to accumulate dry weight. At this stage, irrigation will have no effect on grain yield or test weight. Physiological maturity occurs when heads turn color from green to brown.

The soft dough stage.

Late tillering stage depending on rainfall.

About 6 to 7 irrigations of 6 inches each is normally required. This varies depending on soil type, rainfall, planting date, and other factors.

About 150 to 200 pounds of N per acre in split applications is usually necessary. The optimal N rate depends on many factors. Stem tissue testing is a tool that allows the optimal N rate to be approximated.

About 200 to 250 pounds of N per acre in split applications with a final application of 30 to 50 pounds of N per acre near flowering. The optimal N rate depends on many factors. Stem tissue testing is a tool that allows the optimal N rate to be approximated.

100 to 120 pounds of seed per acre for barley and 120 to 150 pounds of seed per acre for wheat.

December 15 to January 15 (southwestern AZ), November 15 to December 15 (central AZ)

Solum is low input barley with a yield potential of about 3000 pounds per acre with two irrigations. A seeding rate of 20 to 40 pounds of seed per acre is recommended and a nitrogen rate of 40 pounds of N per acre is usually sufficient. Solum has a tendency to lodge and have low test weight, but delaying the second irrigation until boot can lessen these problems.

Factors to consider when choosing a barley variety are yield potential, maturity, test weight, and lodging. Short season barley varieties allow double-cropping with cotton.

Choice of a durum variety should depend on expected yield and contract price. Varieties intended for the identity preserved market tend to have lower yield but higher price than varieties intended for the general purpose market. Other factors to consider are lodging resistance and maturity of the variety.

Yes, it can, but it depends on summer rainfall, availability of deep soil moisture, soil type, temperature, and other factors. The moisture status of the crown and root provides an indication of moisture stress: > 60% (well-watered), 50 to 60% (water-stressed), 40 to 50% (severe water-stress), <40% (lethal water stress).

Physiological maturity is the stage where the grain ceases to accumulate dry weight. At this stage, irrigation will have no effect on grain yield or test weight. Physiological maturity occurs when heads turn color from green to brown.

The soft dough stage.

Late tillering stage depending on rainfall.

About 6 to 7 irrigations of 6 inches each is normally required. This varies depending on soil type, rainfall, planting date, and other factors.

About 150 to 200 pounds of N per acre in split applications is usually necessary. The optimal N rate depends on many factors. Stem tissue testing is a tool that allows the optimal N rate to be approximated.

About 200 to 250 pounds of N per acre in split applications with a final application of 30 to 50 pounds of N per acre near flowering. The optimal N rate depends on many factors. Stem tissue testing is a tool that allows the optimal N rate to be approximated.

100 to 120 pounds of seed per acre for barley and 120 to 150 pounds of seed per acre for wheat.

December 15 to January 15 (southwestern AZ), November 15 to December 15 (central AZ)

Solum is low input barley with a yield potential of about 3000 pounds per acre with two irrigations. A seeding rate of 20 to 40 pounds of seed per acre is recommended and a nitrogen rate of 40 pounds of N per acre is usually sufficient. Solum has a tendency to lodge and have low test weight, but delaying the second irrigation until boot can lessen these problems.

Factors to consider when choosing a barley variety are yield potential, maturity, test weight, and lodging. Short season barley varieties allow double-cropping with cotton.

Choice of a durum variety should depend on expected yield and contract price. Varieties intended for the identity preserved market tend to have lower yield but higher price than varieties intended for the general purpose market. Other factors to consider are lodging resistance and maturity of the variety.

Yes, it can, but it depends on summer rainfall, availability of deep soil moisture, soil type, temperature, and other factors. The moisture status of the crown and root provides an indication of moisture stress: > 60% (well-watered), 50 to 60% (water-stressed), 40 to 50% (severe water-stress), <40% (lethal water stress).

The seasonal water use for the Phoenix area is about 74 inches.

I am not aware of any documented cases of Arizona alfalfa responding to application of micronutrients.

A response to potassium fertilizer for alfalfa grown on desert soils is rare, but is most likely to occur on very sandy soils.

October, or whenever phosphorus is needed as indicated by soil or plant testing.

No. Both remain primarily in the top foot of soil.

Both are equally effective

Yes. Physical incorporation of phosphorus fertilizer is not necessary.

The phosphorus fertilizer rate recommendation is based on soil testing. Soil test values of >15, 11-15, 6-10, and <6 ppm bicarbonate extractable P correspond to none, 50-150, 140-250, and 200-300 pounds P2O5 per acre, respectively, applied at planting for a 3-year crop.  For annual applications or multiple applications per year, the total annual application should be a third of the above fertilizer application rates.  Annual or multiple applications per year may be necessary to maintain the soil test level in a desirable range for soils with a high phosphorus fixing capacity.