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  1. Agricultural IPM
  2. Field Crops
  3. Cotton
  4. Diseases
Cotton Diseases
Cotton (Texas) Root Rot

The most important disease of woody dicotyledonous plants in Arizona is Phymatotrichopsis root rot (Cotton or Texas root rot) caused by a unique and widely distributed soil-borne fungus, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora. The fungus is indigenous to the alkaline, low-organic matter soils of the southwestern United States and central and northern Mexico.

 

Symptoms/signs

Cotton (Texas) root rot often causes a rapid wilt and death of the host in the late spring, summer and early fall when temperatures are high (Figures 1a - c). Dead and dying leaves remain attached to the plant. However, infected plants also may decline more slowly, especially at cooler temperatures and when plants are well cared for. The roots of dying or declining plants are rotted.

 

Most woody trees and shrubs show no symptoms during the first few years after planting into infested areas. This is in contrast with certain tap rooted crop plants such as cotton and alfalfa that become infected and die the first summer after planting. The fungus is deep seated in the soil, and it may simply be that roots of many susceptible plants do not grow into the deeper, infested areas for a number of years.

 

Control

It should be emphasized that the fungus is only a pathogen of mature roots of dicotyledonous plants. The only effective method of control is to plant immune or highly resistant species in infested area


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Disease Publications
  • Oct 2020
    Symptom Identification and Management of Cotton Seedling Diseases
    Publication (PDF, 1.2MB)
    Authors: Jiahuai Hu, Randy Norton
    Seedling diseases, also known as damping-off (seedling death), are caused by several common soil-inhabiting fungi acting alone or collectively during pre-emergence and postemergence of cotton seedlings. Seedling diseases are common but often a minor problem in cotton production areas of Arizona in most years. However, significant stand loss to seedling diseases can occur sporadically in some fields without good crop rotation history.
  • Sep 2020
    Fusarium Wilt of Cotton
    Publication (PDF, 1.8M)
    Authors: Jiahuai Hu, Randy Norton
    Fusarium wilt is a destructive vascular wilt and root rot of many plant species, including all species of domesticated cotton.
  • May 2018
    Cotton Stem Blight and Boll Rot
    Publication (PDF, 779KB)
    Authors: Jiahuai Hu
    Cotton stem blight and boll rot is caused by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This pathogen can attack hundreds of plant species including many important agricultural crops such as vegetables, legumes, sunflowers, canola, many flowering bedding plants, and stone fruits.
  • Feb 2015
    Cotton (Texas) Root Rot
    Publication (PDF, 707KB)
    Authors: Mary Olsen
    The most important disease of woody dicotyledonous plants in Arizona is Phymatotrichopsis root rot (Cotton or Texas root rot) caused by a unique and widely distributed soil-borne fungus, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora. This article talks about the diseases distribution, symptoms/signs, biology, identification, sampling, and control.
  • Dec 2014
    Genetic Diversity and Fungicide Sensitivity of Phymatotrichopsis omnivora
    Publication (PDF, 383KB)
    Authors: Chitrampalam, P. and Olsen, Mary W.
    Cotton root rot, caused by Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, is the most destructive disease of dicotyledonous plants in Arizona. There are no known reliable control methods for this disease, and the difficulty in its management is most often directed at its survival deep in soils and its wide host range. Genetic diversity in P. omnivora and its potential role in disease are unknown. Isolating the fungus and reproducing the disease in the greenhouse or laboratory are problematic, making it difficult to assess the efficacy of potential treatments.
  • Feb 2014
    Diagnosing Nutrient Deficiencies Quick-Reference
    Publication (PDF, 429KB)
    Authors: Shawna Loper
    Nutrient deficiencies can be identified in field through visual observations. However, additional analysis, either plant or soil testing is often necessary to confirm nutrient stress. The following is a quick-reference flow chart that can be used in field to identify potential nutrient deficiencies. Each nutrient has unique deficiency symptoms. Deficiencies will appear in many ways. It can be confused with other plant problems like pathogens or spray damage. But nutrient deficiencies can often be recognized because they tend to form symmetrical patterns, where both sides of leaf or plant parts show the same pattern.
  • Jun 2012
    2011- 2012 Spring Melon CYSDV Survey
    Publication (PDF, 92KB)
    Authors: John C. Palumbo
    For both the year 2011 and 2012 in the locations of Yuma Valley, Gila Valley, Dome/Wellton, data was gathered into the categories of Total Melon Sites surveyed, Melon acres adjacent to within .25 miles of cotton and the number of sites where CYSDV symptoms were observed.

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Disease Presentations
  • May 2020
    Topguard Evaluations in Cotton 2019 Review
    Presentation (PDF, 5533MB)
    Authors: Randy Norton, Blase Evancho
    Location Presented: 2020 Desert Agricultural Conference
  • May 2020
    Control Options for Pests in Arizona Cotton Systems
    Presentation (PDF, 116.6MB)
    Authors: Randy Norton
    Location Presented: 2020 Desert Agricultural Conference
  • Jun 2008
    Vegetable Weed Control in the Desert
    Presentation (PDF, 5.58MB)
    Authors: Barry Tickes
    Location Presented: Yuma Agricultural Center

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