Vegetable Outputs

Vegetable Publications

Jan 2025

Keys to Effective Aphid Management in Leafy Vegetables (2025)

Publication (PDF, 180kb)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

For vegetable growers to successfully compete in the fresh market, they must be able to produce high quality, insect-free crops. This is particularly challenging for growers of leafy vegetables where damage by aphids can seriously reduce yield and quality. In many areas that produce lettuce, aphids are considered the most economically important insect pest found on the crop
Jul 2024

Insecticide Usage on Conventional and Organic Lettuce in the Desert, 2005-2024

Publication

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The development of accurate data on insecticide usage is important to the assessment of IPM programs in Arizona. A reliable estimate of insecticide use patterns is one of our most objective tools for assessing changes in management practices. This information allows us to build relevant databases for measuring user behaviors and adoption of new IPM technologies. For PCAs, it can translate their efforts into economic terms for their clientele and confirms their value to the lettuce industry by showing the importance of their cost-effective management in desert lettuce production. This summary provides estimates of insecticide use during the 2023-24 growing season and trends on lettuce IPM over the past 20 years.
Oct 2023

Arizona IPM Outcomes 2023. Report to the WERA 1017 Regional Coordinating Committee

Publication (1.28MB)

Authors: Al Fournier, Dawn Gouge, Shujuan Li, Peter Ellsworth

Recent impacts of APMC IPM Programs. Topics include savings to growers from thrips and Lygus resistant ThryvOn Cotton, a project to reduce use of the riskiest pesticides throughout US cotton, collaborations with tribal growers and communities to protect public health, and more.
Jul 2023

Trends in Insect Losses and Management on Desert Lettuce: A 19-Year Summary

Publication

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The development of accurate data on lettuce yield losses is important to the assessment of IPM programs in Arizona. Reliable estimates of yield losses caused by key insect pests occurring in lettuce is our most objective tools for assessing change in management practices. This information allows us to build relevant databases for measuring the pest status of important insect species found on desert lettuce, as well as the economic impacts they are responsible for. This information also serves as a resource to assist applied scientists in prioritizing research projects in developing IPM programs for desert lettuce. For PCAs, this data can demonstrate their efforts into economic terms for their growers, and justifies their value to the lettuce industry by showing the importance of insect pests in desert lettuce production. This summary over the past nineteen growing seasons (2004-2023) provides real world data on the pest status of key insect species, economics of insect management, and estimates of yield losses in lettuce.
Jun 2023

Insecticide Usage on Conventional and Organic Lettuce in the Desert, 2022-2023

Publication

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The development of accurate data on insecticide usage is important to the assessment of IPM programs in Arizona. A reliable estimate of insecticide use patterns is one of our most objective tools for assessing changes in management practices. This information allows us to build relevant databases for measuring user behaviors and adoption of new IPM technologies. For PCAs, it can translate their efforts into economic terms for their clientele and confirms their value to the lettuce industry by showing the importance of their cost-effective management in desert lettuce production. This summary provides estimates of insecticide use during the 2022-23 growing season and trends on lettuce IPM over the past 19 years.
Jul 2022

Insect Losses and Management on Desert Lettuce: An 18 Year Summary

Publication

Authors: John C. Palumbo
Jun 2022

Insecticide Usage on Conventional and Organic Lettuce in the Desert, 2021-2022

Publication

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The development of accurate data on insecticide usage is important to the assessment of IPM programs in Arizona. A reliable estimate of insecticide use patterns is one of our most objective tools for assessing changes in management practices. This information allows us to build relevant databases for measuring user behaviors and adoption of new IPM technologies. For PCAs, it can translate their efforts into economic terms for their clientele and confirms their value to the lettuce industry by showing the importance of their cost-effective management in desert lettuce production. This summary provides estimates of insecticide use during the 2020-21 growing season and trends on lettuce IPM over the past 17 years.
Sep 2020

Alternaria Leaf Spot of Cotton

Publication

Authors: Jiahuai Hu and Randy Norton

Alternaria leaf spot of cotton is also known as Alternaria leaf blight. The disease was first identified in cotton in the US in 1918 and is now distributed worldwide. Alternaria leaf spot has been considered a minor disease in the cotton growing areas of Arizona.
Sep 2020

Goss’s Bacterial Wilt and Leaf Blight of Corn

Publication

Authors: Jiahuai Hu

Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight (Goss’s wilt) was first recorded in Nebraska in the late 1960s and is now distributed widely in most states throughout the Corn Belt. The disease was first detected on field corn in southeastern Arizona in 2018.
Aug 2020

Insecticide Usage on Desert Lettuce, 2019-2020

Publication

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The development of accurate data on insecticide usage is important to the assessment of IPM programs in Arizona. A reliable estimate of insecticide use patterns is one of our most objective tools for assessing changes in management practices. This information allows us to build relevant databases for measuring user behaviors and adoption of new IPM technologies. For PCAs, it can translate their efforts into economic terms for their clientele and confirms their value to the lettuce industry by showing the importance of their cost-effective management in desert lettuce production. This summary provides estimates of insecticide use trends on lettuce over the past 16 years.
Jun 2020

Do Antimicrobial Water Sanitizers Affect Insecticide Efficacy in Desert Produce?

Publication (PDF, 520Kb)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Food safety issues have become increasingly important in the production of leafy vegetables in the desert. Recent concerns about microbial contamination of produce grown in the desert prompted the Arizona Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement (AZLGMA) to develop new Food Safety Guidelines for lettuce and leafy greens.
Jun 2020

Ten Years of Bagrada Bug on Desert Cole Crops

Publication (PDF, 618Kb)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug, Bagrada hilaris, became a major pest of cole crops in the fall of 2010 where widespread out breaks of the invasive stinkbug pest were reported throughout the desert SW. The resulting yield losses in broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and other Brassica crops were economically significant.
May 2020

Weed Interference with Insect Management in Desert Crops 2020

Publication (PDF, 886Kb)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Effective weed management is critical for the profitable production of vegetable crops in the desert southwest for all the obvious reasons. However, weed management is also essential for another important, but often overlooked reason.
Nov 2019

Weather Influences Desert Insect Pests

Publication (PDF, 179KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Local weather patterns can have a significant impact on the abundance of insect pests in vegetable crops, particularly in the southwestern U.S. where weather extremes are the norm. Components of weather, mainly temperature, moisture, and wind can either promote insect population growth or cause populations to decline. As we approach the normal cool, dry weather of winter, growers can expect insect activity to decrease. Why is that?
Sep 2019

2019 Guidelines for Diamondback Moth Management in Desert Cole Crops

Publication (PDF, 572KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

List of Guidelines prepared in response to the diamondback moth (DBM) outbreaks that occurred in 2016-17 in Arizona. Following these guidelines can help keep the moths from spreading. There is also a list of insecticides and their respective efficacy against DBM.
Sep 2019

Bagrada Bug Management Tips - 2019

Publication (PDF, 467KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains information on how to manage the Bagrada bug. Includes: where they tend to hide, how to scout them out, what their feeding signs look like, and tips regarding chemical control.
Sep 2019

Diamondback Moth on Desert Cole Crops: Survey Results from 2016-2018

Publication (PDF, 597KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

In 2016 there was a outbreak of Diamondback Moths. This article covers a bit of the history of that outbreak and how the were handled in the next two years. The event was partially documented by some surveys found in this article.
Aug 2019

Insect Management on Desert Produce and Melons: Pests at Stand Establishment 2019

Publication (PDF, 784KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There are many insects that can be found on Desert Produce and Melons. This Article covers the description, damage, and Management/Control of the following insects: Flea Beetles, Darkling Beetles, Field crickets, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Ground Beetles, and Rove Beetles.
Jul 2019

2019 Guidelines for Whitefly / CYSDV Management on Fall Melons

Publication (PDF, 764KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

CYSDV has caused significant reductions in fruit yields in the past, mainly due to the whitefly. This article gives some management guidelines for the whitefly including cultural management and chemical management.
Jul 2019

Cultural Practices for Whitefly Management in Desert Melons 2019

Publication (PDF, 71KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article outlines some ways to manage the Whitefly (SWF) population. Even though there are naturally occurring factors that lie outside the realm of control, there is still many things one can do to help reduce the population and risk of the Whitefly.

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Vegetable Presentations

Aug 2019

Blister Beetles – A Challenge for Arizona’s Growers

Presentation (PDF, 781KB)

Authors: W. Eugene Hall, Peter C. Ellsworth, Leif Abrell, Naomi Pier, Duarte Diaz

Location Presented: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Conference, Tucson, AZ August 2019
Sep 2016

Documenting Reductions in Pesticide Risk

Presentation (PDF, 3.6MB)

Authors: Alfred Fournier, Peter Ellsworth, Wayne Dixon, John Palumbo, Paul Jepson and Michael Guzy

Location Presented: International Congress of Entomology, Orlando
Apr 2015

Status of Insect Pests on Lettuce in Arizona: Economic Impacts and Management

Presentation (PDF, 777KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo
Jan 2015

Better Pesticide Use Data Means Better Resources for Growers

Presentation (PDF, 2.26MB)

Authors: Fournier, A., P. Ellsworth, W. Dixon, N. Pier.

Location Presented: Presented at Field Crops Clinic, Marana, Buckeye & Casa Grande
Nov 2013

Making Sense of Genetically Modified Crops

Presentation (PDF, 2.89 MB)

Authors: Ellsworth, P.

Location Presented: Presented at the Arizona Highlands Garden Conference in Miami, AZ.
Mar 2012

22 years of agricultural pesticide use data reveal dramatic reduction in broad-spectrum insecticides

Presentation (PDF, 1418KB)

Authors: Fournier, A., P. Ellsworth, W. Dixon, J. Palumbo, J. Peterson.

Location Presented: University of Arizona, Department of Entomology & Arizona Pest Management Center. 7th International IPM Symposium, Memphis, TN.
Nov 2010

Management Tips for Insects in Desert Vegetables

Presentation (PDF, 2.92MB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Location Presented: Yuma Ag Center
Mar 2010

The Bagrada Bug, a New Invasive Pest of Cole Crops

Presentation (PDF, 1.78MB)

Authors: John Palumbo

Location Presented: Yuma Ag Center
Jan 2010

Update on management of Powdery mildew on melons

Presentation (PDF, 2.06MB)

Authors: Michael Matheron

Location Presented: Yuma Agricultural Center
Jun 2008

Vegetable Weed Control in the Desert

Presentation (PDF, 5.58MB)

Authors: Barry Tickes

Location Presented: Yuma Agricultural Center
Aug 2004

Fusarium Wilt of Leafy Greens: Managing a Challenging Disease

Presentation (PDF, 2.5MB)

Authors: Matheron, M.

Location Presented: Fall Produce Pest Management Meeting, Yuma Civic and Convention Center, 1440 W. Desert Hills Drive, Yuma, AZ.
May 2004

Powdery mildew management for melons: Fungicide mode of action

Presentation (PDF, 2.3MB)

Authors: Matheron, M.

Location Presented: Desert Ag Conference, The Property, Casa Grande, AZ.
Dec 2003

Management Strategies for Lettuce Drop in Arizona and California

Presentation (PDF, 440KB)

Authors: Barry Pryor
Dec 2003

Cyst Nematode on Cole Crops

Presentation (PDF, 2.16MB)

Authors: Westerdahl, R.

Location Presented: 14th Annual Desert Crops Workshop, Holtville, California.
Dec 2003

Sclerotinia Control in Lettuce

Presentation (PDF, 2.85MB)

Authors: Pryor, B.

Location Presented: 14th Annual Desert Crops Workshop, Holtville, California.
Dec 2003

Recent Work on Fusarium Wilt of Lettuce

Presentation (PDF, 2.12MB)

Authors: Matheron, M.

Location Presented: 14th Annual Desert Crops Workshop, Holtville, California.
Dec 2003

Onion Disease Management

Presentation (PDF, 441KB)

Authors: Turini, T.

Location Presented: 14th Annual Desert Crops Workshop, Holtville, California.
Oct 2003

Lygus Control, New Chemistry & Crop Loss Reporting

Presentation (PDF, 2.9MB)

Authors: Ellsworth, P.

Location Presented: Presented at Desert Ag Conference, The Property, Casa Grande, AZ.
Sep 2003

Review of Current and Potential Management Tools for Powdery Mildew on Melon Crops

Presentation (PDF, 282KB)

Authors: Matheron, M.

Location Presented: Horticulture Integrated Pest Management Seminar, Pinal County Cooperative Extension Office, Casa Grande, AZ.
Dec 2002

Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Lettuce (1st half of presentation) Fall Melon Virus (2nd half of presentation)

Presentation (PDF, 691KB)

Authors: McCreight, J.

Location Presented: Annual Desert Crop Workshop, Yuma, AZ.

ARIZONA PEST MANAGEMENT CENTER