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  1. Agricultural IPM
  2. Vegetables
  3. Cole Crops
  4. Diseases
Cole Crops - Diseases
Section Shortcuts
Black Rot
Cyst Nematode
Black Rot

Black rot is a disease in cole crops caused by bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris. The pathogen can enter the field on transplants or seeds, and can stay in the soil for over a year where it survives on debris and weeds in the Brassicaceae family. The bacteria move primarily with water and can enter the plant through pores naturally present on the leaf surface. It can also be spread by workers and equipment moving through the field/greenhouse, and can enter the leaves through damage caused by wind, insects and other mechanical injuries.The bacteria need a temperature of 77 degrees and above. While it may seem like the weather in desert is not humid enough for bacteria to become an epidemic, it is not something that should be ignored. The microclimate in the field with the crop canopy being dense, foggy mornings, increased field activity can be conducible for disease development.

Disease management include getting rid of infected plants/tissue, increasing distance between fields and choosing well-drained, controlling weeds especially in mustard family such shepherd’s purse, wild mustard, pepper weed etc.  Soil fumigation is effective but may not be economically feasible. Best management practice starts with disease-free seed; hot water treatment can reduce the likelihood that the bacteria will enter the field through the seed. Starting with healthy transplant is equally important.

The disease is a bigger problem in greenhouse than in fields. Greenhouse sanitation is important and includes keeping plant tissue from previous crops out of the transplant production area, as any soil or plant residue could be harboring bacteria and other pathogens. Use new plug trays or clean used trays with heat or a greenhouse disinfectant that is refreshed frequently. Visually assess or test young plants for black rot before transplanting.


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Cyst Nematode

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Cole Crop Disease Publications
  • Dec 2014
    Genetic Diversity and Fungicide Sensitivity of Phymatotrichopsis omnivora
    Publication (PDF, 383KB)
    Authors: Chitrampalam, P. and Olsen, Mary W.
    Cotton root rot, caused by Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, is the most destructive disease of dicotyledonous plants in Arizona. There are no known reliable control methods for this disease, and the difficulty in its management is most often directed at its survival deep in soils and its wide host range. Genetic diversity in P. omnivora and its potential role in disease are unknown. Isolating the fungus and reproducing the disease in the greenhouse or laboratory are problematic, making it difficult to assess the efficacy of potential treatments.
  • Feb 2014
    Diagnosing Nutrient Deficiencies Quick-Reference
    Publication (PDF, 429KB)
    Authors: Shawna Loper
    Nutrient deficiencies can be identified in field through visual observations. However, additional analysis, either plant or soil testing is often necessary to confirm nutrient stress. The following is a quick-reference flow chart that can be used in field to identify potential nutrient deficiencies. Each nutrient has unique deficiency symptoms. Deficiencies will appear in many ways. It can be confused with other plant problems like pathogens or spray damage. But nutrient deficiencies can often be recognized because they tend to form symmetrical patterns, where both sides of leaf or plant parts show the same pattern.

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Cole Crop Disease Presentations
  • Jun 2008
    Vegetable Weed Control in the Desert
    Presentation (PDF, 5.58MB)
    Authors: Barry Tickes
    Location Presented: Yuma Agricultural Center
  • Dec 2003
    Cyst Nematode on Cole Crops
    Presentation (PDF, 2.16MB)
    Authors: Westerdahl, R.
    Location Presented: 14th Annual Desert Crops Workshop, Holtville, California.

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ARIZONA PEST MANAGEMENT CENTER
University of Arizona
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