Every fall about this time we begin to think how unusual the produce season has been compared to previous years. And of course, every season is different. That’s the complicated nature of desert agriculture and insect pest management; so many abiotic and biotic factors influence plant growth and insect activity. This year is no different and here are a few observations I have so far based on field observations, PCA reports and areawide insect trapping over the past 6 years (see
Insect Trapping Trends– 6 Year Avg).
Whitefly populations have been very light this year. Areawide trapping shows that whitefly counts are the lowest we’ve seen in 6 years. Whitefly flights we used to see during September just didn’t occur this year. The relatively light virus seen on the fall melons out east is another indicator. Populations have been so light on the experiment station that we are having difficulty starting whitefly trials in broccoli. Of course, there are some high numbers in localized areas based on PCA reports.
Beet armyworm pressure started strong in early September, but decreased significantly following the remnants of Hurricane Rosa and Sergio, and the break in weather. This is reflected in trap counts compared with previous seasons. However, I have recently seen an increase in egg masses consistent with the warmer weather.
Cabbage looper numbers have similarly been considerably lower from what we typically see in lettuce and cole crops in October and again, trap counts support this observation. Corn earworm adult trap counts however have been as high as we’ve seen in 6 years (see Graph below). This is important since the last time we saw trap counts this high (fall 2014), earworm larvae were common in the head lettuce fields harvested in November. Furthermore, I’ve had a few reports of occasional earworm larvae showing up in lettuce. Be careful with this one. The good news is that when the weather finally breaks, we should a marked decreased in worm pressure.
Diamondback moth trap counts are lower this year overall, but did tend to increase following the recent storms (see
DBM Trap Network). Larval numbers are light in our broccoli trials, and have had very few reports of larvae infesting commercial fields. To date, most reports of DBM larvae in fields are occurring in transplants. Keep in mind though, DBM can complete a life cycle (egg-adult) in a bout 2 weeks with temperatures we’re presently experiencing.
Western flower thrips have also been unusually light this fall. The cooler weather and earlier rain in early October likely had a negative impact on population growth, but now thrips appear are on the increase, consistent with the warm weather and drier conditions. Adult and immatures are increasing on my lettuce plots, and several PCAs have mentioned that they are becoming abundant.
Bean thrips are also showing up, albiet in lighter numbers than the previous 2 fall season.
Aphid colonies are beginning to show up in brassica crops in some areas, and we are finding winged aphids showing up on small seedlings at YAC. Aphid trap counts have been low, but with the lush desert and winds from the N-NW, would anticipate aphid flights to begin picking up in the next few weeks as they typically do.
To contact John Palumbo go to: jpalumbo@ag.Arizona.edu
