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Vegetable IPM Publications

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Sep 2020

Goss’s Bacterial Wilt and Leaf Blight of Corn

Publication

Authors: Jiahuai Hu

Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight (Goss’s wilt) was first recorded in Nebraska in the late 1960s and is now distributed widely in most states throughout the Corn Belt. The disease was first detected on field corn in southeastern Arizona in 2018.
Sep 2020

Alternaria Leaf Spot of Cotton

Publication

Authors: Jiahuai Hu and Randy Norton

Alternaria leaf spot of cotton is also known as Alternaria leaf blight. The disease was first identified in cotton in the US in 1918 and is now distributed worldwide. Alternaria leaf spot has been considered a minor disease in the cotton growing areas of Arizona.
Jun 2020

Do Antimicrobial Water Sanitizers Affect Insecticide Efficacy in Desert Produce?

Publication (PDF, 520Kb)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Food safety issues have become increasingly important in the production of leafy vegetables in the desert. Recent concerns about microbial contamination of produce grown in the desert prompted the Arizona Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement (AZLGMA) to develop new Food Safety Guidelines for lettuce and leafy greens.
Jun 2020

Ten Years of Bagrada Bug on Desert Cole Crops

Publication (PDF, 618Kb)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug, Bagrada hilaris, became a major pest of cole crops in the fall of 2010 where widespread out breaks of the invasive stinkbug pest were reported throughout the desert SW. The resulting yield losses in broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and other Brassica crops were economically significant.
May 2020

Weed Interference with Insect Management in Desert Crops 2020

Publication (PDF, 886Kb)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Effective weed management is critical for the profitable production of vegetable crops in the desert southwest for all the obvious reasons. However, weed management is also essential for another important, but often overlooked reason.
Nov 2019

Weather Influences Desert Insect Pests

Publication (PDF, 179KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Local weather patterns can have a significant impact on the abundance of insect pests in vegetable crops, particularly in the southwestern U.S. where weather extremes are the norm. Components of weather, mainly temperature, moisture, and wind can either promote insect population growth or cause populations to decline. As we approach the normal cool, dry weather of winter, growers can expect insect activity to decrease. Why is that?
Sep 2019

Bagrada Bug Management Tips - 2019

Publication (PDF, 467KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains information on how to manage the Bagrada bug. Includes: where they tend to hide, how to scout them out, what their feeding signs look like, and tips regarding chemical control.
Sep 2019

2019 Guidelines for Diamondback Moth Management in Desert Cole Crops

Publication (PDF, 572KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

List of Guidelines prepared in response to the diamondback moth (DBM) outbreaks that occurred in 2016-17 in Arizona. Following these guidelines can help keep the moths from spreading. There is also a list of insecticides and their respective efficacy against DBM.
Sep 2019

Diamondback Moth on Desert Cole Crops: Survey Results from 2016-2018

Publication (PDF, 597KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

In 2016 there was a outbreak of Diamondback Moths. This article covers a bit of the history of that outbreak and how the were handled in the next two years. The event was partially documented by some surveys found in this article.
Aug 2019

Insect Management on Desert Produce and Melons: Pests at Stand Establishment 2019

Publication (PDF, 784KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There are many insects that can be found on Desert Produce and Melons. This Article covers the description, damage, and Management/Control of the following insects: Flea Beetles, Darkling Beetles, Field crickets, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Ground Beetles, and Rove Beetles.
Jul 2019

2019 Guidelines for Whitefly / CYSDV Management on Fall Melons

Publication (PDF, 764KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

CYSDV has caused significant reductions in fruit yields in the past, mainly due to the whitefly. This article gives some management guidelines for the whitefly including cultural management and chemical management.
Jul 2019

Cultural Practices for Whitefly Management in Desert Melons 2019

Publication (PDF, 71KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article outlines some ways to manage the Whitefly (SWF) population. Even though there are naturally occurring factors that lie outside the realm of control, there is still many things one can do to help reduce the population and risk of the Whitefly.
Jun 2019

Insecticide Usage on Desert Lettuce, 2018-2019

Publication (PDF, 512KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A total of 28 surveys were completed of insecticide usage on desert lettuce, representing an estimated total of 33,275 fall acres and 35,156 spring lettuce acres from Yuma and neighboring Imperial Counties (Holtville/Brawley/BardWinterhaven).
Jun 2019

Insect Losses and Management on Desert Lettuce: A 15-Year Summary

Publication (PDF, 799.9KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article details the results of a survey aimed at assessing what kind of yield losses are suffered on lettuce due to insect pests. It contains data spanning over fifteen years (2005-2019).
May 2019

Nine Years of Bagrada Bug on Desert Cole Crops

Publication (PDF, 531KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug, became a major pest of cole crops in the fall of 2010. The following contains the summaries surveys performed on an annual basis since 2010, aiming to estimate the severity of bagrada bug on direct-seeded and transplanted cole crops, and the intensity of chemical management required to control it.
May 2019

Weed Interference with Insect Management in Desert Crops

Publication (PDF, 844KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Effective weed management is critical for the profitable production of vegetable crops in the desert southwest for all the obvious reasons. However, weed management is also essential for another important, but often overlooked, reason.
May 2019

Spider Mites in Melons 2019

Publication (PDF, 146KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Twospotted spider mites, are widespread on melon crops throughout the southwestern U.S. This report describes their appearance, the type of damage they usually cause, and methods of management.
Apr 2019

Whitefly Management in Spring Melons - 2019

Publication (PDF, 185KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Apr 2019

Insect Management on Desert Melons: Whiteflies 2019

Publication (PDF, 830KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Apr 2019

Lettuce Aphid on Late Season Produce - 2019

Publication (PDF, 1.1MB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Lettuce Aphid. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect. Very little has been reported about Lettuce Aphids under desert conditions.
Mar 2019

IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme 2019

Publication (PDF, 563KB)

Authors: IRAC International MoA Working Group

This document outlines the background to, and purposes of, the classification list, and provides guidance on how The IRAC Mode of Action is used for IRM purposes.
Mar 2019

Insecticide Modes of Action on Desert Vegetable Crops 2019

Publication (PDF, 320KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains a list of around twenty chemistry's that are important on desert vegetable crops and their respective "Modes of Action" (short description of what they do and how).
Mar 2019

Aphid Management in Desert Produce Crops - 2019

Publication (PDF, 153KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Mar 2019

Foxglove Aphids on Desert Produce 2019

Publication (PDF, 371KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Lettuce Aphid. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Mar 2019

Thrips Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables - 2019

Publication (PDF, 145KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Thrips on Desert Leafy vegetables. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Larvae stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Mar 2019

Corn Earworm Management on Desert Produce - 2019

Publication (PDF, 273KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Corn Earworm and where it can be found. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Feb 2019

Relative Efficacy Index (REI) for Biopesticides on Desert Produce

Publication (PDF, 274KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Arizona is a leading producer of vegetables. Organic vegetable farmers have limited means to control insects and currently rely on a select few chemical biopesticides. This article shows collected data concerning the relative efficacy index (REI) for some biopesticides.
Feb 2019

Biopesticide Efficacy in Desert Produce Crops

Publication (PDF, 548KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Arizona is a leading producer of vegetables. Organic vegetable farmers have limited means to control insects and currently rely on a select few chemical biopesticides. This article aims to provide new educational information regarding biopesticides and their efficacy.
Jan 2019

New Insecticides for Desert Produce and Melon Crops 2019

Publication (PDF, 202KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article lists some of the newly registered insecticides for 2019. Including Cormoran, Harvanta50SL, Versys/Sefina, and PQZ. Each insecticides effective spectrum, recommended rates, and chemistry are listed respectively. These insecticides are considered useful for desert produce and melon crops.
Jan 2019

Keys to Effective Aphid Management in Leafy Vegetables

Publication (PDF, 152KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Aphids can significantly reduce the yield and quality of leafy vegetables. This article outlines some key ways to manage Aphid population on leafy vegetables.
Dec 2018

Fall Melon Fields charts 2019

Publication (PDF, 522KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains several charts and graphs depicting pressures on fall melons over the last few years.
Oct 2018

Insect Trapping Trends

Publication (PDF, 170KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This document contains charts derived from six years of insect trapping, with the intent of helping illustrate any trends. Insects included in this publication include: Whiteflies, Beet Armyworm, Cabbage looper, Corn Earworm, Thrips, and Aphids.
Oct 2018

Corn Earworm Management on Desert Produce - October 2018

Publication (PDF, 273KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Corn Earworm and where it can be found. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Oct 2018

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Produce Crops, 2018

Publication (PDF, 118KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, and Diamondback moth respectively. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Oct 2018

Diamondback Moth Management in Desert Cole Crops, Spring 2019

Publication (PDF, 572KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

List of Guidelines prepared in response to the diamondback moth (DBM) outbreaks that occurred in 2016-17 in Arizona. Following these guidelines can help keep the moths from spreading. There is also a list of insecticides and their respective efficacy against DBM.
Sep 2018

Bagrada Bug Management Tips - 2018

Publication (PDF, 372KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains information on how to manage the Bagrada bug. Includes: where they tend to hide, how to scout them out, what their feeding signs look like, and tips regarding chemical control.
Sep 2018

Guidelines for Diamondback Moth Management in Desert Cole Crops -2018

Publication (PDF, 460KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

List of Guidelines prepared in response to the diamondback moth (DBM) outbreaks that occurred in 2016-17 in Arizona. Following these guidelines can help keep the moths from spreading. There is also a list of insecticides and their respective efficacy against DBM.
Sep 2018

Vegetable Planting Calendar for Maricopa County

Publication (PDF, 634KB)

Authors: Kai Umeda

In the low desert regions of the southwest, including Maricopa County, most any type of vegetables and fruits can be grown successfully when appropriate varieties are selected and planted at the right time. The climate, the season, and potential pests all impact the selection of what to plant when.
Aug 2018

2018 Guidelines for Whitefly / CYSDV Management on Fall Melons

Publication (PDF, 614KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci can transmit many types of plant viruses. Since 2006, this pest has been responsible for vectoring cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) in fall melons throughout the growing regions of Arizona and southern California.
Aug 2018

Diamondback Moth on Desert Cole Crops in 2017

Publication (PDF, 410KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

In 2016 there was a outbreak of Diamondback Moths. This article covers a bit of the history of that outbreak and how the were handled in the subsequent year. The event was partially documented by some surveys found in this article.
Aug 2018

Insect Management on Desert Produce and Melons: Pests at Stand Establishment 2018

Publication (PDF, 592KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There are many insects that can be found on Desert Produce and Melons. This Article covers the description, damage, and Management/Control of the following insects: Flea Beetles, Darkling Beetles, Field crickets, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Ground Beetles, and Rove Beetles.
Jul 2018

Interactions Between Insects & Weeds in Desert Crops - July 2018

Publication (PDF, 356KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There is a positive correlation between weeds and insects. This article describes the relationship between weed management and insects. It details how weeds can be a refuge for beneficial insects and how they can also act as a reservoir for insect pests. The impact that weeds have on insecticide application is also discussed.
Jul 2018

2017 Guidelines for Whitefly / CYSDV Management on Fall Melons

Publication (PDF, 656KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

CYSDV has caused significant reductions in fruit yields in the past, mainly due to the whitefly. This article gives some management guidelines for the whitefly including cultural management and chemical management.
Jun 2018

Cultural Practices for Whitefly Management in Desert Melons

Publication (PDF, 87KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article outlines some ways to manage the Whitefly (SWF) population. Even though there are naturally occurring factors that lie outside the realm of control, there is still many things one can do to help reduce the population and risk of the Whitefly.
Jun 2018

Insecticide Usage on Desert Lettuce, 2017-18

Publication (PDF, 328KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A total of 25 surveys were completed of insecticide usage on desert lettuce, representing an estimated total of 44,180 fall acres and 37,720 spring lettuce acres from Yuma and neighboring Imperial County. This article concludes that the reduced risk insecticides will continue to play an increasing role in management of pests in desert lettuce.
Jun 2018

Vegetable Diseases Caused by Phytophthora capsici in Arizona

Publication (PDF, 2.27MB)

Authors: Jiahuai Hu

Phytophthora capsici is responsible for some of the most important diseases of peppers and cucurbits worldwide. The diseases are commonly referred to as Phytophthora blight, Phytophthora crown and root rot, Phytophthora fruit rot, and damping of.
May 2018

Impact of Bagrada Bug on Desert Cole Crops: An Eight Year Summary

Publication (PDF, 327KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug became a major pest of cole crops since 2010. This report consists of information gathered through surveys over eight years and shows what some of the trends are regarding the bagrada bug over that time period.
May 2018

Interactions Between Insects & Weeds in Desert Crops - May 2018

Publication (PDF, 354KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There is a positive correlation between weeds and insects. This article describes the relationship between weed management and insects. It details how weeds can be a refuge for beneficial insects and how they can also act as a reservoir for insect pests. The impact that weeds have on insecticide application is also discussed.
May 2018

Spider Mites in Melons 2018

Publication (PDF, 173KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Twospotted spider mites, are widespread on melon crops throughout the southwestern U.S. This report describes their appearance, the type of damage they usually cause, and methods of management.
Apr 2018

Insect Management on Desert Melons: Whiteflies 2018

Publication (PDF, 830KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article descibes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Mar 2018

Corn Earworm Management on Desert Produce - March 2018

Publication (PDF, 272KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Corn Earworm and where it can be found. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Mar 2018

Thrips Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables - 2018

Publication (PDF, 152KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Thrips on Desert Leafy vegetables. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Larvae stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2018

Aphid Management in Desert Produce Crops ‐ February 2018

Publication (PDF, 162KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2018

Foxglove Aphids on Desert Produce 2018

Publication (PDF, 360KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Lettuce Aphid. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Jan 2018

Aphid Management in Desert Produce Crops ‐ January 2018

Publication (PDF, 152KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Nov 2017

Aphid Management on Head Lettuce Using Imidacloprid and Foliar Insecticides 2017

Publication (PDF, 191KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The objective of these studies was to evaluate control of aphids on head lettuce using either foliar-applied insecticides, soil-applied insecticides or a combination of both. The conclusion was: depending on aphid pressure during the spring growing season, imidacloprid soil applications may or may not provide season long control of aphids.
Nov 2017

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Produce Crops, 2017

Publication (PDF, 120KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, and Diamondback moth respectively. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Nov 2017

Corn Earworm Management on Desert Produce - November 2017

Publication (PDF, 252KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Corn Earworm and where it can be found. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Oct 2017

Aphid Identification on Desert Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 1.68MB)

This documents contains an in depth guide to identifying Aphids most commonly found in Arizona produce. There are many images present to aid in identification. Aphid types include: Lettuce Aphid, Foxglove Aphid, Green peach Aphid, and Potato Aphid.
Oct 2017

Efficacy of Foliar Insecticides Against Diamondback Moth - Fall 2017

Publication (PDF, 144KB)

Authors: John Palumbo

This experiment was made to test the efficacy of Foliar insecticides against Diamondback Moths. The conslusion was that the spinosyns, Exirel and Sniper (bifenthrin) have provided the most consistent control thus far
Sep 2017

Bagrada Bug Management Tips - 2017

Publication (PDF, 370KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains information on how to manage the Bagrada bug. Includes: where they tend to hide, how to scout them out, what their feeding signs look like, and tips regarding chemical control.
Sep 2017

Guidelines for Diamondback Moth Management in Fall Cole Crops

Publication (PDF, 295KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article gives some recommendations on managing Diamondback moths in fall cole crops. These guidelines were prepared in response to the diamondback moth (DBM) outbreaks that occurred in Arizona in 2016-17.
Aug 2017

Insect Management on Desert Produce and Melons: Pests at Stand Establishment 2017

Publication (PDF, 591KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There are many insects that can be found on Desert Produce and Melons. This Article covers the description, damage, and Management/Control of the following insects: Flea Beetles, Darkling Beetles, Field crickets, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Ground Beetles, and Rove Beetles.
Aug 2017

Weather Can Have Major Impact on Insects 2017

Publication (PDF, 143KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Local weather patterns have a significant impact on insect abundance in our cropping system. Components of weather, mainly temperature and moisture, can either promote insect population growth or cause populations to decline. This article explains some of these patterns.
Jul 2017

Interactions Between Insects & Weeds in Desert Crops - 2017

Publication (PDF, 354KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There is a positive correlation between weeds and insects. This article describes the relationship between weed management and insects. It details how weeds can be a refuge for beneficial insects and how they can also act as a reservoir for insect pests. The impact that weeds have on insecticide application is also discussed.
Jun 2017

Impact of Diamondback Moth Outbreaks on Arizona Cole Crops in 2016‐17

Publication (PDF, 283KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The diamondback moth is one of the most important pests of cole crops worldwide and annually causes $3-5 billion dollars in economic loses due to direct yield losses and control costs. 2016 Arizona had an outbreak. This article contains the results of surveys that tried to assess how much damage was done.
Jun 2017

Insect Management on Desert Melons: Whiteflies 2017

Publication (PDF, 472KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article descibes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
May 2017

Insecticide Usage on Desert Lettuce, 2016-17

Publication (PDF, 290KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A total of 20 surveys were completed of insecticide usage on desert lettuce, representing an estimated total of 33,562 fall acres and 33,469 spring lettuce acres from Yuma and neighboring Imperial County. This article concludes that selective reduced risk insecticides will continue to play an increasing role in management of pests in desert lettuce.
May 2017

Impact of Bagrada Bug on Desert Cole Crops: Seven Years After the Outbreak

Publication (PDF, 332KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug became a major pest of cole crops since 2010. This report consists of information gathered through surveys over seven years and shows what some of the trends are regarding the bagrada bug over that time period.
May 2017

Insecticide Modes of Action on Desert Vegetable Crops 2017

Publication (PDF, 226KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains a list of around twenty chemistry's that are important on desert vegetable crops and their respective "Modes of Action" (short description of what they do and how).
Apr 2017

Insecticide Usage on Desert Lettuce, 2015-16

Publication (PDF, 225KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A total of 22 surveys were completed in the 2016 workshop, representing an estimated total of 28,650 fall acres and 29,920 spring lettuce acres from Yuma and neighboring Imperial County. This article concludes that selective reduced risk insecticides will continue to play an increasing role in management of pests in desert lettuce, but some broad spectrum products such as pyrethroids still will be needed.
Mar 2017

Liriomyza Leafminer Management on Desert Melons

Publication (PDF, 371KB)

Vegetable Leafminer, and American Serpentine Leafminer pests are often mistaken for one another. They attack a wide range of over 50 host crops. This article describes their economic damage, their development, and ways to help manage their population. Pictures are also added to aid in identification.
Mar 2017

Thrips Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables - 2017

Publication (PDF, 151KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Thrips on Desert Leafy vegetables. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Larvae stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Mar 2017

Aphid Management in Desert Produce Crops - 2017

Publication (PDF, 152KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2017

Corn Earworm Management on Desert Produce - February 2017

Publication (PDF, 252KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Corn Earworm and where it can be found. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Feb 2017

Seed Corn Maggot in Spring Melons 2017

Publication (PDF, 397KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article gives a description of the seed corn maggot, which commonly attacks the seeds of spring melons. The type of damage that often occurs is described, along with several management tips to help reduce the population and risk from these maggots.
Jan 2017

Aphid Management in Desert Produce Crops - January 2017

Publication (PDF, 152KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Jan 2017

Foxglove Aphids on Desert Produce 2017

Publication (PDF, 536KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Lettuce Aphid. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Jan 2017

Potential Yield Increase by Grafting for Watermelon Production in Arizona

Publication (PDF, 1.67MB)

Authors: Mark Kroggel and Chieri Kubota

Grafting cucurbits onto rootstocks resistant to diseases and abiotic stresses can be a method to overcome limited availability of effective pre-plant fumigants or land to rotate and to allow earlier planting.
Dec 2016

Pest Abundance on Desert Produce and Melon Crops in 2016

Publication (PDF, 237KB)

This document contains a number of charts and graphs detailing information relating to the abundance of Whitefly, Bagrada bugs, Thrips, Beet Armyworm, Cabbage Looper, and Corn Earworm. There are also a few figures relaying temperature information.
Nov 2016

Aphid Identification on Desert Lettuce 2016

Publication (PDF, 1.68MB)

This documents contains an in depth guide to identifying Aphids most commonly found in Arizona produce. There are many images present to aid in identification. Aphid types include: Lettuce Aphid, Foxglove Aphid, Green peach Aphid, and Potato Aphid.
Oct 2016

Insecticide Resistance Management Guidelines for Lepidopterous Larvae in Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 1.23MB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article contains a figure illustrating some of the chemical management options for beet armyworm, cabbage looper, and corn earworm. With suggestions on how to apply the chemical control.
Sep 2016

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Produce Crops, September 2016

Publication (PDF, 139KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, and Diamondback moth respectively. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Sep 2016

Insect Management on Desert Melons: Whiteflies September 2016

Publication (PDF, 599KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article descibes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Sep 2016

Whitefly Management in Fall Produce - 2016

Publication (PDF, 124KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies for fall produce. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Aug 2016

Bagrada Bug Management Tips - 2016

Publication (PDF, 368KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains information on how to manage the Bagrada bug. Includes: where they tend to hide, how to scout them out, what their feeding signs look like, and tips regarding chemical control.
Aug 2016

Insect Management on Desert Produce and Melons: Pests at Stand Establishment 2016

Publication (PDF, 590KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There are many insects that can be found on Desert Produce and Melons. This Article covers the description, damage, and Management/Control of the following insects: Flea Beetles, Darkling Beetles, Field crickets, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Ground Beetles, and Rove Beetles.
Aug 2016

Proposed Registration of Sulfoxaflor for Use on Agricultural Crops, Ornamentals and Turf

Publication (PDF, 6.82MB)

Authors: Jack E. Housenger

This document contains the proposal of the registration of Sulfoxaflor. It is formulated as Sulfoxaflor Technical, Transform, and Closer SC. It outlines potential risks, benefits and the proposed registration decision.
Jul 2016

2016 Guidelines for Whitefly / CYSDV Management on Fall Melons

Publication (PDF, 547KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

CYSDV has caused significant reductions in fruit yields in the past, mainly due to the whitefly. This article gives some management guidelines for the whitefly including cultural management and chemical management.
Jul 2016

Insect Losses and Management on Desert Lettuce: 2004‐2016

Publication (PDF, 321KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article details the results of a survey aimed at assessing what kind of yield losses are suffered on lettuce due to insect pests. It contains data spanning over twelve years (2004-2016).
Jun 2016

Insect Management on Desert Melons: Whiteflies June 2016

Publication (PDF, 501KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article descibes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Jun 2016

Herbicides Registered For Irrigation Ditch Banks in Arizona

Publication (PDF, 104KB)

Authors: Barry Tickes

This document contains a chart of Herbicides indicating if they are usable on only drainage ditches, only dry ditches, and whether it works through soil or foliar activity.
May 2016

Impact of Bagrada Bug Infestations on Desert Cole Crops, 2010-2015

Publication (PDF, 282KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug became a major pest of cole crops since 2010. This report consists of information gathered through surveys over five years and shows what some of the trends are regarding the bagrada bug over that time period.
May 2016

Interactions Between Insects & Weeds in Desert Crops - 2016

Publication (PDF, 354KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There is a positive correlation between weeds and insects. This article describes the relationship between weed management and insects. It details how weeds can be a refuge for beneficial insects and how they can also act as a reservoir for insect pests. The impact that weeds have on insecticide application is also discussed.
Apr 2016

Insect Management on Desert Melons: Whiteflies April 2016

Publication (PDF, 479KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article descibes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Apr 2016

Whitefly Management in Spring Melons - 2016

Publication (PDF, 124KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Apr 2016

Insecticide Usage on Arizona Lettuce, 2015-16

Publication (PDF, 187KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A total of 19 surveys were completed in the 2015 workshop, representing an estimated total of 25,905 fall acres and 26,255 spring lettuce acres from Yuma and neighboring Imperial County. This article concludes that the local produce industry has made great strides in minimizing environmental impacts in lettuce production. There have not been any major reports of field failures.
Mar 2016

Leafminer Management on Desert Vegetables

Publication (PDF, 380KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Leafminer in great depth and their relation to Desert Vegetables. It includes it's description and their development. Their Economic Damage, Monitoring/Sampling, and suggestions regarding management practices.
Mar 2016

Insecticide Modes of Action on Desert Vegetable Crops - March 2016

Publication (PDF, 226KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains a list of around twenty chemistry's that are important on desert vegetable crops and their respective "Modes of Action" (short description of what they do and how).
Mar 2016

Thrips Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables - 2016

Publication (PDF, 151KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Thrips on Desert Leafy vegetables. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Larvae stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2016

Corn Earworm Management on Desert Produce - February 2016

Publication (PDF, 252KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Corn Earworm and where it can be found. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Feb 2016

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Produce Crops, February 2016

Publication (PDF, 294KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, and Diamondback moth respectively. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2016

Insect Management on Desert Produce Crops: Western Flower Thrips 2016

Publication (PDF, 357KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Western flower thrips are major pests to lettuces, cabbage, and spinach because of the damage they cause to these plants. This article describes their development, Economic Damage, and suggestions for their management.
Jan 2016

Seed Corn Maggot in Spring Melons 2016

Publication (PDF, 397KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article gives a description of the seed corn maggot, which commonly attacks the seeds of spring melons. The type of damage that often occurs is described, along with several management tips to help reduce the population and risk from these maggots.
Jan 2016

Aphid Management in Desert Produce Crops - January 2016

Publication (PDF, 151KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Dec 2015

Pest Abundance on Desert Produce and Melon Crops in 2015

Publication (PDF, 193KB)

This document contains a number of charts and graphs detailing information relating to the abundance of Whitefly, Bagrada bugs, Beet Armyworm, Cabbage Looper, and Corn Earworm. There are also a few figures relaying temperature information.
Dec 2015

IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme 2015

Publication (PDF, 708KB)

Authors: IRAC International MoA Working Group

This document outlines the background to, and purposes of, the classification list, and provides guidance on how The IRAC Mode of Action is used for IRM purposes.
Nov 2015

Impact of Planting Date on Aphid Infestations and Contamination in Head Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 382KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A five year study was conducted with the goal of identifying planting windows during the season when lettuce is at risk from aphid infestations. The studies indicate that planting date and temperature likely have a strong influence on seasonal abundance of aphids.
Nov 2015

Aphid Identification on Desert Lettuce 2015

Publication (PDF, 1.68MB)

This documents contains an in depth guide to identifying Aphids most commonly found in Arizona produce. There are many images present to aid in identification. Aphid types include: Lettuce Aphid, Foxglove Aphid, Green peach Aphid, and Potato Aphid.
Oct 2015

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Produce Crops, Oct 2015

Publication (PDF, 149KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, and Corn earworm respectively. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Sep 2015

Court Opinion on Sulfoxaflor with relation to Bees

Publication (PDF, 206KB)

This is a document from the United States Court of Appeals. This case is a challenge to the EPA’s approval of insecticides containing sulfoxaflor, which initial studies showed were highly toxic to honey bees
Sep 2015

Bagrada Bug Management Tips - 2015

Publication (PDF, 364KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains information on how to manage the Bagrada bug. Includes: where they tend to hide, how to scout them out, what their feeding signs look like, and tips regarding chemical control.
Sep 2015

Whitefly Management in Fall Produce ‐ 2015

Publication (PDF, 290KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies for fall produce. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Sep 2015

Biology and Management of Downy Mildew of Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 695KB)

Authors: Michael E. Matheron

This document describes the characteristics of downy mildew found on lettuce. Giving an in depth explanation of how it survives. Later it gives suggestions on how to manage downy mildew of lettuce.
Aug 2015

Insect Management on Desert Produce and Melons: Pests at Stand Establishment 2015

Publication (PDF, 587KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There are many insects that can be found on Desert Produce and Melons. This Article covers the description, damage, and Management/Control of the following insects: Flea Beetles, Darkling Beetles, Field crickets, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Ground Beetles, and Rove Beetles.
Aug 2015

Insect Management on Desert Vegetables and Melons: Whiteflies 2015

Publication (PDF, 592KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Vegetables and Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Aug 2015

Biology and Management of Fusarium Wilt of Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 486KB)

Authors: Michael E. Matheron

Fusarium wilt of lettuce is caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. This article decribes the nature of the disease and it's development. It also gives suggestions for how to manage it.
Jul 2015

Evaluation of Clothianidin Seed Treatments for Bagrada Bug Control in Broccoli

Publication (PDF, 304KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

With the outbreak of the Bagrada bug, it was estimated that they infested more than 80% of the acreage in Arizona between 2010-2014. This article outlines an expirement on the use of Clothianidin seed treatments as a way to manage the Bagrada Bug pest. The results indicated that this treatment was effective.
Jul 2015

2015 Guidelines For Whitefly / CYSDV Management on Melons

Publication (PDF, 1.38MB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

CYSDV has caused significant reductions in fruit yields in the past, mainly due to the whitefly. This article gives some management guidelines for the whitefly including cultural management and chemical management.
Jun 2015

Herbicides with Activity on Nutsedge

Publication (PDF, 12KB)

Authors: B. Tickes

A short easy to read list of Herbicides with activity on Nutsedge. It is split into Preemergence and Postemergence tables.
Jun 2015

2015 Insecticide Usage on Arizona Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 203KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A total of 19 surveys were completed in the 2015 workshop, representing an estimated total of 25,905 fall acres and 26,255 spring lettuce acres from Yuma and neighboring Imperial County. This article concludes that the local produce industry has made great strides in minimizing environmental impacts in lettuce production. There have not been any major reports of field failures.
May 2015

EPA’s Proposal to Mitigate Exposure to Bees from Acutely Toxic Pesticide Products

Publication (PDF, 534KB)

This document discusses the EPA's proposed mandatory pesticide label restrictions to protect managed bees. The proposed requirements would not supersede existing, more restrictive product use specifications.
May 2015

Impact of Bagrada Bug Infestations on Fall Cole Crops, 2010-2014

Publication (PDF, 260KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug became a major pest of cole crops since 2010. This report consists of information gathered through surveys over four years and shows what some of the trends are regarding the bagrada bug over that time period.
Apr 2015

Whitefly Management in in Desert Melon Crops, 2015

Publication (PDF, 169KB)

Authors: J.C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Apr 2015

Lepidopterous Larvae Control in Desert Melon Crops, Apr 2015

Publication (PDF, 156KB)

Authors: John .C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm and Cabbage looper. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Apr 2015

Whitefly Management in Spring Melons - 2015

Publication (PDF, 159KB)

Authors: J.C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Apr 2015

Insect Management on Desert Melons: Whiteflies 2014

Publication (PDF, 458KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Apr 2015

Insecticide Modes of Action on Desert Produce and Melon Crops 2015

Publication (PDF, 160KB)

Contains a list of around twenty chemistry's that are important on desert vegetable crops and their respective "Modes of Action" (short description of what they do and how).
Apr 2015

Susceptibility of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Insecticides in Laboratory and Greenhouse Bioassays

Publication (PDF, 377KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo, Nilima Prabhaker, Darcy A. Reed, Thomas M. Perring, Steven J. Castle, and Ta-i Huang

This document outlines some tests of their susceptibility to insecticides representing 10 classes of chemisty. Results varied. The best results were seen with bifenthrin, methomyl, and chlorpyrifos.
Mar 2015

Thrips Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables ‐ 2015

Publication (PDF, 151KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Thrips on Desert Leafy vegetables. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Larvae stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2015

Insect Management on Desert Produce: Corn earworm / Tobacco budworm

Publication (PDF, 271KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A serious pests to heads of lettuce, the Corn Earworm can cause serious damage. This article describes their development, Economic Damage, and suggestions for their management.
Feb 2015

Insect Management on Desert Produce: Corn earworm / Tobacco budworm 2015

Publication (PDF, 271KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Corn Earworm and where it can be found. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Feb 2015

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Produce Crops, Feb 2015

Publication (PDF, 160KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, and Corn earworm. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2015

Trends in Insecticide Usage on Arizona Lettuce 2014

Publication (PDF, 133KB)

A total of 22 surveys were completed in the 2014 workshop, representing an estimated total of 27345 fall acres and 24955 spring acres from Yuma and neighboring Imperial County. This article concludes that the industry has made great strides to incorporate the newer insecticides
Feb 2015

Foxglove Aphids on Desert Produce 2015

Publication (PDF, 1.07MB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Lettuce Aphid. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect.
Jan 2015

Aphid Management in Desert Produce Crops - 2015

Publication (PDF, 151KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Dec 2014

New Insecticides for Desert Produce and Melons 2014

Publication (PDF, 162KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This document outlines some of the new insecticides for desert produce and melons around 2014. Sequoia (Sulfoxaflor), Torac (tolfenpyrad), Exirel/Verimark (Cyazypyr), and Sivanto (flupyradifurone) are listed. Their relative efficacy against whiteflies aphids, bagrada bugs, and other insects are compared to the respective IPM standard.
Dec 2014

Pest-o-gram: Whitefly transmitted virus of cucurbits 2014

Publication (PDF, 852KB)

A new and potentially damaging whitefly-transmitted virus of cucurbits was found in the fall of 2014. Symptoms include stunting and leaf yellowing.
Dec 2014

Genetic Diversity and Fungicide Sensitivity of Phymatotrichopsis omnivora

Publication (PDF, 383KB)

Authors: Chitrampalam, P. and Olsen, Mary W.

Cotton root rot, caused by Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, is the most destructive disease of dicotyledonous plants in Arizona. There are no known reliable control methods for this disease, and the difficulty in its management is most often directed at its survival deep in soils and its wide host range. Genetic diversity in P. omnivora and its potential role in disease are unknown. Isolating the fungus and reproducing the disease in the greenhouse or laboratory are problematic, making it difficult to assess the efficacy of potential treatments.
Nov 2014

Pest Abundance on Desert Produce and Melon Crops in 2014

Publication (PDF, 221KB)

This document contains a number of charts and graphs detailing information relating to the abundance of Whitefly, Bagrada bugs, Beet Armyworm, Cabbage Looper, and Corn Earworm. There are also a few figures relaying temperature information.
Nov 2014

Aphid Identification in Produce

Publication (PDF, 1.0MB)

This documents contains an in depth guide to identifying Aphids most commonly found in Arizona produce. There are many images present to aid in identification. Aphid types include: Lettuce Aphid, Foxglove Aphid, Green peach Aphid, and Potato Aphid.
Oct 2014

Thrips Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables - 2014

Publication (PDF, 125KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Thrips on Desert Leafy vegetables. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Larvae stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Oct 2014

Insect Management on Desert Produce Crops: Leafminers

Publication (PDF, 375KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Leafminer in great depth and their relation to Desert Vegetables. It includes it's description and their development. Their Economic Damage, Monitoring/Sampling, and suggestions regarding management practices.
Oct 2014

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Produce Crops, 2014

Publication (PDF, 152KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, and Corn earworm. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Sep 2014

Bagrada Bug Management Tips - 2014

Publication (PDF, 390KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains information on how to manage the Bagrada bug. Includes: where they tend to hide, how to scout them out, what their feeding signs look like, and tips regarding chemical control.
Sep 2014

Insect Management on Desert Vegetables and Melons: Whiteflies 2014

Publication (PDF, 592KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Vegetables and Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Aug 2014

Insect Management on Desert Produce and Melons: Pests at Stand Establishment 2014

Publication (PDF, 514KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There are many insects that can be found on Desert Produce and Melons. This Article covers the description, damage, and Management/Control of the following insects: Flea Beetles, Darkling Beetles, Field crickets, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Ground Beetles, and Rove Beetles.
Aug 2014

Methods of Measuring for Irrigation Scheduling - When

Publication (PDF, 1.3MB)

Authors: Martin, Edward C.

Proper irrigation management requires that growers assess their irrigation needs by taking measurements of various physical parameters. Some use sophisticated equipment while others use tried and true common sense approaches. Whichever method used, each has merits and limitations. In developing any irrigation management strategy, two questions are common: “When do I irrigate?” and “How much do I apply?” This bulletin deals with the WHEN.
Jul 2014

2014 Management of Whiteflies and CYSDV on Fall Melons

Publication (PDF, 328KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

CYSDV has caused significant reductions in fruit yields in the past, mainly due to the whitefly. This article gives some management guidelines for the whitefly including cultural management and chemical management.
Jun 2014

Impact of Bagrada Bug Infestations on Desert Cole Crops, 2010-2013

Publication (PDF, 224KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug became a major pest of cole crops since 2010. This report consists of information gathered through surveys over five years and shows what some of the trends are regarding the bagrada bug over that time period.
May 2014

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Melon Crops, 2014

Publication (PDF, 111KB)

Authors: John .C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm and Cabbage looper. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Apr 2014

Whitefly Management in Desert Melons 2014

Publication (PDF, 84KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Apr 2014

Insecticide Modes of Action on Desert Produce and Melon Crops 2014

Publication (PDF, 162KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains a list of around twenty chemistry's that are important on desert produce and melon crops and their respective "Modes of Action" (short description of what they do and how).
Mar 2014

Winter Weather Conditions for Yuma County, 2013-2014

Publication (PDF, 200KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This document contains meteorological information from two different years. The data was gathered from four different locations. Using a few different charts and graphs it shows differences in things such as: ambient temperature, freeze events, wind speed, precipitation.
Feb 2014

Insect Management on Desert Produce Crops: Western Flower Thrips 2015

Publication (PDF, 161KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Western flower thrips are major pests to lettuces, cabbage, and spinach because of the damage they cause to these plants. This article describes their development, Economic Damage, and suggestions for their management.
Feb 2014

Aphid Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables and Cole Crops 2014

Publication (PDF, 134KB)

Authors: John .C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2014

Foxglove Aphid on Desert Lettuce Crops

Publication (PDF, 218KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The foxglove aphid has been infesting desert commercial crops since 2002. This article discusses the description, damages, and methods of control for the foxglove aphid in lettuce crops.
Feb 2014

IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme 2014

Publication (PDF, 386KB)

Authors: IRAC International MoA Working Group

This document outlines the background to, and purposes of, the classification list, and provides guidance on how The IRAC Mode of Action is used for IRM purposes.
Feb 2014

Diagnosing Nutrient Deficiencies Quick-Reference

Publication (PDF, 429KB)

Authors: Shawna Loper

Nutrient deficiencies can be identified in field through visual observations. However, additional analysis, either plant or soil testing is often necessary to confirm nutrient stress. The following is a quick-reference flow chart that can be used in field to identify potential nutrient deficiencies. Each nutrient has unique deficiency symptoms. Deficiencies will appear in many ways. It can be confused with other plant problems like pathogens or spray damage. But nutrient deficiencies can often be recognized because they tend to form symmetrical patterns, where both sides of leaf or plant parts show the same pattern.
Dec 2013

New Insecticides for Desert Produce and Melons 2013

Publication (PDF, 166KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This document outlines some of the new insecticides for desert produce and melons around 2014. Sequoia (Sulfoxaflor), Torac (tolfenpyrad), Exirel/Verimark (Cyazypyr), and Sivanto (flupyradifurone) are listed. Their relative eficacy against whiteflies aphids, bagrada bugs, and other insects are compared to the respective IPM standard.
Nov 2013

Pest Abundance on Desert Produce and Melon Crops in 2013

Publication (PDF, 136KB)

This document contains a number of charts and graphs detailing information relating to the abundance of Whitefly, Bagrada bugs, Beet Armyworm, and Cabbage Looper. There are also a few figures relaying temperature information.
Oct 2013

Aphid Identification on Desert Lettuce 2013

Publication (PDF, 221KB)

This documents contains an in depth guide to identifying Aphids most commonly found in Arizona produce. There are many images present to aid in identification. Aphid types include: Lettuce Aphid, Foxglove Aphid, Green peach Aphid, and Potato Aphid.
Sep 2013

Whitefly Management in Leafy Vegetables, Cole Crops and Melons- Fall 2013

Publication (PDF, 139KB)

Authors: J.C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies for fall produce. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Sep 2013

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Produce Crops, 2013

Publication (PDF, 143KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, and Corn earworm and Diamondback moth. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Aug 2013

Knockdown and Residual Control of Bagrada Bug With Foliar Insecticides in Broccoli: 2013 Efficacy Report

Publication (PDF, 250KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Preventing adult Bagrada bugs from feeding on plant terminals and small cotyledons is critical to establishing and maintaining a quality stand. This paper explores the relative efficacy of conventional insecticides, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and expiremental insecticides.
Aug 2013

Bagrada Bug Management Tips - 2013

Publication (PDF, 364KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains information on how to manage the Bagrada bug. Includes: where they tend to hide, how to scout them out, what their feeding signs look like, and tips regarding chemical control.
Aug 2013

Insect Management on Desert Produce and Melons: Pests at Stand Establishment 2013

Publication (PDF, 479KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There are many insects that can be found on Desert Produce and Melons. This Article covers the description, damage, and Management/Control of the following insects: Flea Beetles, Darkling Beetles, Field crickets, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Ground Beetles, and Rove Beetles.
Jul 2013

Measuring Water Applications

Publication (PDF, 144KB)

Authors: Ayman Mostafa

One of the challenges in using surface irrigation systems is determining the effective amount of water applied to a field. To get a good estimate, you must first calculate the gross amount of water applied and then, taking into system efficiencies, determine the amount of effective water applied (what the plants actually receive).
Jul 2013

Area wide Incidence of Whiteflies and CYSDV In Fall Melons in Yuma County, 2007-2012

Publication (PDF, 1.77MB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo, Kurt Nolte, Yves Carriere

This is a summary of a recently completed project that was designed to survey the area wide incidence of Bemisia whiteflies and Cucurbit Yellow Stunting Disorder Virus (CYSDV) in commercial melon fields throughout the Yuma Arizona growing region.
Jun 2013

Insect Management on Desert Vegetables and Melons: Whiteflies - Jun 2013

Publication (PDF, 531KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Vegetables and Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Jun 2013

Knockdown and Residual Control of Bagrada Bug with Foliar Insecticides on Broccoli

Publication (PDF, 431KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This document contains a list of Foliar Insecticides for use on Broccoli. The main categories are Conventional Chemistry, Experimental Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry They list the efficacy in the range of good, fair, or poor.
Jun 2013

Insect * Weed Interactions in Vegetable Crops

Publication (PDF, 77KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There is a positive correlation between weeds and insects. This article describes the relationship between weed management and insects. It details how weeds can be a refuge for beneficial insects and how they can also act as a reservoir for insect pests. The impact that weeds have on insecticide application is also discussed.
May 2013

Impact of the Bagrada Bug on Desert Cole Crops from 2010 - 2012: A Survey of PCA and Growers

Publication (PDF, 196KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug became a major pest of cole crops since 2010. This report consists of information gathered through surveys over two years and shows what some of the trends are regarding the bagrada bug over that time period.
May 2013

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Melon Crops, 2013

Publication (PDF, 119KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, and Cabbage looper. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Apr 2013

Insect Management on Desert Vegetables and Melons: Whiteflies - Apr 2013

Publication (PDF, 494KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Vegetables and Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Apr 2013

Whitefly Management in Desert Melons 2013

Publication (PDF, 113KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Apr 2013

Insecticide Modes of Action on Desert Produce and Melon Crops 2013

Publication (PDF 161KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains a list of around twenty chemistry's that are important on desert produce and melon crops and their respective "Modes of Action" (short description of what they do and how).
Mar 2013

Winter Weather Conditions for Yuma County, 2012-2013

Publication (PDF, 141KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This document contains meteorological information from four different years. The data was gathered from four different locations. Using a few different charts and graphs it shows differences in things such as: ambient temperature, freeze events, wind speed, precipitation.
Mar 2013

Insect Pests of Desert-Grown Alfalfa: Alfalfa Aphid Complex

Publication (PDF, 2.53MB)

Authors: Lydia Brown, Ayman Mostafa, Al Fournier, and Peter Ellsworth

In Arizona alfalfa, pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), blue alfalfa aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi), spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata), and cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) make up a winter aphid complex. All species cause similar damage, but spotted alfalfa aphid and blue alfalfa aphids are the most damaging in our system.
Feb 2013

Aphid Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables and Cole Crops 2013

Publication (PDF, 133KB)

Authors: John .C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2013

Insect Management on Desert Produce Crops: Western Flower Thrips 2013

Publication (PDF, 306KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Western flower thrips are major pests to lettuces, cabbage, and spinach because of the damage they cause to these plants. This article describes their development, Economic Damage, and suggestions for their management.
Jan 2013

Seedcorn Maggot 2013

Publication (PDF, 230KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains a description of the seedcorn maggot. This document also goes into the damages that are caused by this pest, and then covers some suggestions relating to management.
Oct 2012

Evaluation of Conventional Insecticides for Control of Bagrada Hilaris on Broccoli, 2012

Publication (PDF, 108KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo, Ta-I Huang

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several conventional insecticides against the Bagrada bug in Brocolli under desert growing conditions. Brigade, Lannate, Lorsban, Belay, Venom, and Orthene were all tested.
Aug 2012

Insecticide Resistance Management Guidelines for Beet Armyworm in Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 505KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article contains a figure illustrating some of the chemical management options for beet armyworm. With suggestions on how to apply the chemical control.
Jul 2012

Insect Management on Desert Produce and Melons: Pests at Stand Establishment 2012

Publication (PDF, 480KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There are many insects that can be found on Desert Produce and Melons. This Article covers the description, damage, and Management/Control of the following insects: Flea Beetles, Darkling Beetles, Field crickets, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Ground Beetles, and Rove Beetles.
Jun 2012

Evaluation of Insecticide Tank-Mixtures as Alternatives to Endosulfan For Control of Whiteflies in Spring Melons, 2012

Publication (PDF, 185KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Sue to the impending loss of the endosulfan registration on melons, a trial of several foliar insecticide alternatives was conducted. This trial was conducted against adult whiteflies in spring melons.
Jun 2012

2011- 2012 Spring Melon CYSDV Survey

Publication (PDF, 92KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

For both the year 2011 and 2012 in the locations of Yuma Valley, Gila Valley, Dome/Wellton, data was gathered into the categories of Total Melon Sites surveyed, Melon acres adjacent to within .25 miles of cotton and the number of sites where CYSDV symptoms were observed.
May 2012

Insecticide Use on Arizona Head Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 149KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Management practices change and insecticide usage patterns are one of the most objective tools for assessing such change. This report contains two years (2011, 2012) of such information.
Apr 2012

Interactions between Insects and Weeds in Vegetable Crops

Publication (PDF, 77KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

There is a positive correlation between weeds and insects. This article describes the relationship between weed management and insects. It details how weeds can be a refuge for beneficial insects and how they can also act as a reservoir for insect pests. The impact that weeds have on insecticide application is also discussed.
Apr 2012

Insect Management on Desert Vegetables and Melons: Whiteflies - 2012

Publication (PDF, 856KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the sweetpotato whitefly (SWF) in great depth and their relation to Desert Vegetables and Melons. It includes it's history of development and damages it has caused. The article also describes the management of SWF, including sampling/monitoring, natural/biological control, cultural practices, and insecticidal control.
Apr 2012

Whitefly Management in Desert Melons 2012

Publication (PDF, 281KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Mar 2012

Winter Weather Conditions for Yuma County, 2011-2012

Publication (PDF, 56KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This document contains meteorological information from two different years. The data was gathered from four different locations. Using a few different charts and graphs it shows differences in things such as: ambient temperature, freeze events, wind speed, precipitation.
Mar 2012

Lettuce Aphid on Late Season Produce 2012

Publication (PDF, 336KB )

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article describes the Lettuce Aphid. It covers it's physical description, economic damage, insecticidal control, and methods for identifying this insect. Very little has been reported about Lettuce Aphids under desert conditions.
Feb 2012

Thrips Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables - 2012

Publication (PDF, 128KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Thrips on Desert Leafy vegetables. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Larvae stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2012

Insect Management on Desert Produce Crops: Western Flower Thrips 2012

Publication (PDF,161KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Western flower thrips are major pests to lettuces, cabbage, and spinach because of the damage they cause to these plants. This article describes their development, Economic Damage, and suggestions for their management.
Feb 2012

Aphid Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables and Cole Crops 2012

Publication (PDF, 167KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Jan 2012

Seed Corn Maggot 2012

Publication (PDF, 501KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This article gives a description of the seed corn maggot, which commonly attacks the seeds of spring melons. The type of damage that often occurs is described, along with several management tips to help reduce the population and risk from these maggots.
Jan 2012

Insect Management on Desert Produce Crops: Aphids 2012

Publication (PDF, 582KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Aphids are major pests to desert produce due to the damage they cause. This article describes their development, Economic Damage, and suggestions for their management. The Green Peach Aphid, Potato Aphid, Foxglove Aphid, Lettuce Aphid, Cabbage Aphid, and Turnip Aphid are discussed.
Jan 2012

Historical Trends in Aphid Abundance in Desert Lettuce

Publication (PDF,135KB)

Aphid abundance varies considerably from year to year. This document shows data from a span of around 14 years. Based off of this history one can deduce a few trends, such as some correlations between annual rainfall and aphid abundance.
Jan 2012

IPM Programs: Legacy and Impacts

Publication

Authors: Ellsworth, Fournier, Dixon, Palumbo, Gouge, Umeda

Measuring and communicating environmental, economic, and social impacts of IPM are key to recruiting and leveraging support for our IPM programs, and to maximizing future impacts.
Dec 2011

Measuring Water Flow in Surface Irrigation Ditches and Gated Pipe

Publication (PDF, 1.28MB)

Authors: Edward C. Martin

Measuring water in surface irrigation systems is critical for peak efficiency management. Irrigation management decisions should be made based on the amount of water applied and how this relates to the consumptive use demands of the plants and the soil water holding capacity.
Dec 2011

Determining the Amount of Irrigation Water Applied to a Field

Publication (PDF, 535KB)

Authors: Edward C. Martin

Critical to any irrigation management approach is an accurate estimate of the amount of water applied to a field. Estimating the amount of water applied to a field or to a set is fairly easy for surface systems.
Jul 2011

Recommendations for Management of Whiteflies, Whitefly-transmitted viruses, and Insecticide Resistance for Production of Cucurbit Crops in Florida

Publication (PDF, 661KB)

Authors: Susan E. Webb, David J. Schuster, P. A. Stansly, Jane E. Polston, Scott Adkins, Carlye Baker, Pamela Roberts, Oscar Liburd, Teresia Nyoike, Eugene McAvoy, and Alicia Whidden

Three viruses transmitted by whiteflies have been identified in watermelon, muskmelon, and squash since 2004. This article outlines some of the signs and symptoms that can be observed.
May 2011

Impact of the Bagrada Bug on Desert Cole Crops: A Survey of PCA/Growers in 2010 and 2011

Publication (PDF, 189KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The Bagrada bug became a major pest of cole crops in 2010. This report contains two years worth of surveys from PCA/growers and illustrates a few of the differences present between 2010 and 2011.
Apr 2011

Insecticide Modes of Action on Desert Vegetables 2011

Publication (PDF, 224KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Contains a list of around twenty chemistry's that are important on desert vegetable crops and their respective "Modes of Action" (short description of what they do and how).
Aug 2010

Quantitative Guidelines For Evaluating Herbicide Injury In Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 49KB)

Authors: Barry Tickes

There are three major herbicides that have been used in the production of lettuce in Arizona for the past 40 years. Kerb, Balan and Pefar. There are some risks such as stunting chlorosis or death of the crop. The goal of this project was to establish a correlation between detected herbicide levels in soil and lettuce tissue and potential crop injury.
May 2010

Weather Can Have Major Impact on Insects 2010

Publication (PDF, 86KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Local weather patterns have a significant impact on insect abundance in our cropping system. Components of weather, mainly temperature and moisture, can either promote insect population growth or cause populations to decline. This article explains some of these patterns.
May 2010

Laboratories Conducting Soil, Plant, Feed or Water Testing

Publication (PDF, 376KB)

Authors: Jeff Schalau

Contains a list of Laboratories conducting soil, plant, feed or water testing. Information includes addresses, phone numbers, websites and some of the basic things they test there.
May 2010

Estimated Insecticide Usage on head lettuce in Arizona 2005-2010

Publication (PDF, 119KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Management practices change and insecticide usage patterns are one of the most objective tools for assessing such change. This report contains five years (2005-2010) of such information.
Feb 2010

Lepidopterous Larvae Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables and Cole Crops 2010

Publication (PDF, 137KB)

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Lepidopterous Larvae. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, and Diamondback moth respectively. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2010

Aphid Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables and Cole Crops 2010

Publication (PDF, 622KB)

Authors: John .C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against different species of Aphids. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for each listed Aphid species. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2010

Thrips Management in Desert Leafy Vegetables 2010

Publication (PDF, 566KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Thrips on Desert Leafy vegetables. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Larvae stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Feb 2010

Whitefly Management in Desert Melons 2010

Publication (PDF, 152KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

A chart detailing various insecticides and the efficacy against Whiteflies. Each insecticide is rated at Good, Fair, and Poor, and is shown for both the Adult and Nymph stage. There is also a brief note for each of the insecticides.
Jan 2010

The Bagrada bug, a New Invasive Pest of Cole Crops in Arizona

Publication (PDF, 196KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

The bagrada bug is a invasive species that resemble harlequin bugs. This paper shows signs to look for and shows some of the types of damage they cause. It also postulates that it's wide spreading, that it would establish itself as a permanent pest.
Jan 2010

Aphid Identification on Desert Lettuce 2010

Publication (PDF, 10MB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This documents contains an in depth guide to identifying Aphids most commonly found in Arizona produce. There are many images present to aid in identification. Aphid types include: Lettuce Aphid, Foxglove Aphid, Green peach Aphid, and Potato Aphid.
Jan 2010

Mean of Western Flower Thrips per Plant

Publication (PDF, 104KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

Chart detailing: Western flower thrips population levels in untreated romaine Lettuce at the Yuma Ag Center 4 days following heavy rainfall that occurred on 21, Jan 2010. Rainfall reduced Thrips.
Apr 2009

Spray Timing of Spiromesifen and Buprofezin for Managing Bemisia Whiteflies in Cantaloupes

Publication (PDF, 123KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo

This report discusses the efficacy of using Spiromesifen and Buprofezin to control whitefly population on melons and contains graphs and charts that help show the effectiveness of different rates of spraying.
Jan 2009

Evaluation of fungicide application programs for management of powdery mildew on muskmelon, 2009

Publication (PDF, 40KB)

Authors: M.E. Matheron, M. Porchas

After a few ears of widespread use, some growers have noticed that some fungicides have become less effective. The objective of this field trial was to evaluate disease control efficiency of various fungicide treatment sequences, utilizing products with different modes of action that are registered for use on melon crops.
May 2003

Cross-commodity Guidelines for Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Arizona

Publication (PDF, 175KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo, Peter C. Ellsworth, Timothy J. Dennehy, Robert L. Nichols

This document outlines some of the guidlines for Neonicotinoids, which were relatively new at the time. The plans within the document aim to help keep Neonicotinoids as a cost efficient and effective form of whitefly management for the future.
Nov 2000

Whitefly Management on Desert Melons

Publication (PDF, 108KB)

Authors: John C. Palumbo, David Kerns, Kai Umeda

Of the pests that affect desert melons, the Whitefly is the most damaging. It is polyphagous (feeds on multiple plants) and migrates into melons from surrounding crops and weed hosts. This document outlines some suggestions on how to manage the Whitefly.
Aug 1998

Beet Armyworm

Publication (PDF, 74KB)

Authors: Tim C. Knowles

Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) caterpillars are smooth skinned with few or no hairs on the body, may be olive green to almost black in color down the middle of the back, and have a yellow stripe on each side of the body. This publication details the Beet Armyworm. It's description, biology, damages it causes, and methods of controlling it are discussed.
May 1991

Nitrogen Management Guide for Cabbage

Publication (PDF, 447KB)

Authors: Thomas A. Doerge, Robert L. Roth, Bryant R. Gardner

The level of nitrogen fertility has more influence on the growth and yield of Cabbage than any other single plant nutrient because it is the nutrient most often deficient in Arizona soils.
May 1991

Nitrogen Management Guide for Lettuce

Publication (PDF, 472KB)

Authors: Thomas A. Doerge, Robert L. Roth, Bryant R. Gardner

The level of nitrogen fertility probably has more influence on the growth and yield of Lettuce than any other single plant nutrient because it is the nutrient most often deficient in Arizona soils.
May 1991

Nitrogen Management Guide for Watermelon

Publication (PDF, 453KB)

Authors: Thomas A. Doerge, Robert L. Roth, Bryant R. Gardner

The level of nitrogen fertility has more influence on the growth and yield of watermelon than any other single plant nutrient because it is the nutrient most often deficient in Arizona Soils.
May 1991

Nitrogen Management Guide for Cantaloupe

Publication (PDF, 719KB)

Authors: Thomas A. Doerge, Robert L. Roth, Bryant R. Gardner

The level of nitrogen fertility has more influence on the growth and yield of Cantaloupe than any other single plant nutrient because it is the nutrient most often deficient in Arizona soils.
May 1991

Nitrogen Management Guide for Field Corn

Publication (PDF, 378KB)

Authors: Thomas A. Doerge, Robert L. Roth, Bryant R. Gardner

The level of nitrogen fertility has more influence on the growth and yield of Field Corn than any other single plant nutrient because it is the nutrient most often deficient in Arizona soils.
May 1991

Nitrogen Management Guide for Asparagus

Publication (PDF, 240KB)

Authors: Thomas A. Doerge, Robert L. Roth, Bryant R. Gardner

The level of nitrogen fertility has more influence on the growth and yield of Asparagus than any other single plant nutrient because it is the nutrient most often deficient in Arizona soils.
May 1991

Nitrogen Management Guide for Cauliflower

Publication (PDF, 411KB)

Authors: Thomas A. Doerge, Robert L. Roth, Bryant R. Gardner

The level of nitrogen fertility has more influence on the growth and yield of Cauliflower than any other single plant nutrient because it is the nutrient most often deficient in Arizona soils.
May 1991

Nitrogen Management Guide for Sweet Corn

Publication (PDF, 615KB)

Authors: Thomas A. Doerge, Robert L. Roth, Bryant R. Gardner

The level of nitrogen fertility has more influence on the growth and yield of sweet corn than any other single plant nutrient because it is the nutrient most often deficient in Arizona soils.

Vegetable IPM Publications

ARIZONA PEST MANAGEMENT CENTER