trans1_small
University of Arizona
When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select.
  • Home
  • Pest Identification
    • Pest Identification Home
    • Diseases
    • Weeds
    • Insects
    • Pest Diagnostics
    • Pest Identification - Outputs
    • Events
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Agricultural IPM
    • Agricultural IPM Home
    • Vegetables
    • Field Crops
    • Other Crops
    • Agricultural Pesticide Safety
    • Agricultural IPM Outputs
    • Events
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • IPM Assessment
    • IPM Assessment Home
    • Crop Pest Losses
    • Impacts
    • EPA Pesticide Registration Reviews
    • How To Submit Comments to EPA
    • Previously Submitted EPA Comments
    • Projects
    • IPM Assessment Outputs
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Community IPM
    • Community IPM Home
    • School IPM
    • Public Health IPM
    • Turfgrass
    • Community Pesticide Safety
    • Community Insect Gallery
    • Handbook on Pests
    • Home and School IPM Newsletters
    • Community IPM Resources
    • Events
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Pesticide Education and Training
    • Pesticide Education and Training Home
    • Ag Licensing Resources
    • Community Licensing Resources
    • Special Pesticide Registrations
    • Pesticide Safety Outputs
    • Events
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • About Us
    • Partners and Links
    • Contact Us
    • Organizational Chart
    • Arizona Pest Management Center
    • Mission
    • Working Groups
    • Organization
    • Social Media
  • Home
  • Pest Identification
    • Pest Identification Home
    • Diseases
      • Publications And Resources
      • Photo Gallery
    • Weeds
      • Sample Submissions
      • Publications And Resources
      • Noxious Invasive Weeds
      • Weed Photo Gallery
      • Herbicide Injury
    • Insects
      • Sample Submissions
      • Publications And Resources
      • Insect Collection
      • Photo Gallery
      • Insect Injury
      • Community Insect Gallery
    • Pest Diagnostics
      • Herbicide Injury
      • Insect Injury
      • Publications And Resources
      • Photo Gallery
    • Pest Identification - Outputs
      • Presentations
      • Publications
      • Shorts
      • Medias
    • Events
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Agricultural IPM
    • Agricultural IPM Home
    • Vegetables
      • Lettuce
        • Crop Management
        • Soil Management
        • Irrigation
        • Varieties
        • Insects
        • Diseases
        • Weeds
      • Melons
        • Crop Management
        • Soil Management
        • Irrigation
        • Varieties
        • Insects
        • Diseases
        • Weeds
      • Cole Crops
        • Crop Management
        • Soil Management
        • Irrigation
        • Varieties
        • Insects
        • Diseases
        • Weeds
      • Spinach
        • Crop Management
        • Soil Management
        • Irrigation
        • Varieties
        • Insects
        • Diseases
        • Weeds
      • Vegetable Outputs
        • Presentations
        • Publications
      • VIPM Updates
      • VIPM Archive
      • Vegetable Video Archive
      • VIPM Update Cartoons
      • Events
    • Field Crops
      • Alfalfa
        • Crop Management
        • Soil Management
        • Irrigation
        • Varieties
        • Insects
        • Diseases
        • Weeds
        • Pesticide
      • Corn and Sorghum
        • Crop Management
        • Soil Management
        • Irrigation
        • Varieties
        • Insects
        • Diseases
        • Weeds
        • Pesticide
      • Cotton
        • Crop Management
        • Soil Management
        • Irrigation
        • Varieties
        • Insects
        • Diseases
        • Weeds
        • Pesticide
      • Guayule
        • Crop Management
        • Soil Management
        • Irrigation
        • Varieties
        • Insects
        • Diseases
        • Weeds
        • Pesticide
      • Small Grains
        • Crop Management
        • Soil Management
        • Irrigation
        • Varieties
        • Insects
        • Diseases
        • Weeds
        • Pesticide
      • Risk Reduction
      • Outputs
        • Publications
        • Presentations
        • Videos
      • Events
      • Field Crops IPM Shorts
    • Other Crops
      • Citrus
      • Tree and Nut Crops
      • Cross Commodity
    • Agricultural Pesticide Safety
    • Agricultural IPM Outputs
      • Presentations
      • Publications
      • Agricultural IPM Shorts
    • Events
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • IPM Assessment
    • IPM Assessment Home
    • Crop Pest Losses
      • Cotton Pest Losses
      • Vegetable Pest Losses
    • Impacts
    • EPA Pesticide Registration Reviews
    • How To Submit Comments to EPA
    • Previously Submitted EPA Comments
    • Projects
      • Crop Pest Losses
    • IPM Assessment Outputs
      • Presentations
      • Publications
      • Shorts
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Community IPM
    • Community IPM Home
    • School IPM
      • Stop School Pests
      • IPM for Sensitive Sites in the Built Environment
    • Public Health IPM
      • Arizona Conenose Bugs
      • Bed Bugs
      • Bees
      • Body Lice
      • False Chinch Bugs
      • Fire Ants
      • Head Lice
      • Longhorned Tick
      • Mosquitoes
      • Scorpions
      • EPA Border 2020
    • Turfgrass
      • Pre-emergence Weed Control - Lawns
      • History of the Lawn and Turfgrass
      • Nitrogen and Iron Deficiencies
      • Publications and Resources
    • Community Pesticide Safety
      • Presentations
      • Publications
    • Community Insect Gallery
    • Handbook on Pests
    • Home and School IPM Newsletters
    • Community IPM Resources
    • Events
      • 2021 Emergency Preparedness Workshop
      • 2022 Emergency Preparedness Workshop
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Pesticide Education and Training
    • Pesticide Education and Training Home
    • Ag Licensing Resources
    • Community Licensing Resources
    • Special Pesticide Registrations
    • Pesticide Safety Outputs
      • Presentations
      • Publications
      • Pesticide Safety Shorts
    • Events
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • About Us
    • Partners and Links
    • Contact Us
    • Organizational Chart
    • Arizona Pest Management Center
    • Mission
    • Working Groups
    • Organization
    • Social Media
  1. Agricultural IPM
  2. Vegetables
  3. VIPM Archive
  4. VIPM Mechanization View
Mechanization
Dec 11, 2024
Crop Contamination from Gulls
With harvest season in full swing, I thought I would share with you an observation I’ve made over the years. I’ve noticed that gulls seem to congregate around fields being harvested. I am not sure what the attraction is, but my guess is that they are begging for food from harvest crews. Gulls are problematic in that they are known to be carriers of several human pathogens including E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter (Jay-Russell,2013). When gulls fly over fields, it is inevitable that some of their fecal matter will be deposited on unharvested crops, in irrigation canals and on harvest equipment (Figs 1-4). Obviously, when this happens, it is a food safety risk. Despite the significant effort and investment made in bird deterrent technologies, I am not aware of any that are effective and reasonably priced for gulls. The best advice I have for reducing the risk of food contamination from gulls is to be vigilant about instructing workers not to feed the birds and locate food trucks away from crops to be harvested.

References
Jay-Russell, M.T. (2013). What is the risk from wild animalsin food-borne pathogen contamination of plants?. CABI Reviews 4(8),1-16.https://doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20138040

VIPM_12-11-2024_02
Fig. 1. Bird fecal matter on romaine lettuce.

VIPM_12-11-2024_03
Fig. 2. Gull flying over romaine lettuce being harvested.

VIPM_12-11-2024_04
Fig. 3. Gulls flying over irrigation canal near lettuce field
being harvested.

VIPM_12-11-2024_05
Fig. 4. Bird fecal matter on lettuce harvesting equipment.



To contact Mark C. Siemens go to: siemens@cals.arizona.edu
APMC Logo BW Inverted
CALS Logo Black and white Inverted
ARIZONA PEST MANAGEMENT CENTER
University of Arizona
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Maricopa Agricultural Center

37860 W. Smith-Enke Road
Maricopa, AZ 85239
FULL CONTACT
LIST
facebook
twitter


© Arizona Board of Regents

University Privacy Statement